Ubuntu 14.10 如何新增硬碟

PS 現在的Ubuntu的帳號有權限限制，需要加sudo才可以順利執行，據說是為了安全性考量...既然要加，就給他加一下唄
例如關機也要加sudo...

example@a07ubuntu:~$ sudo poweroff

正文開始：

先用df -h看一下系統硬碟，目前新增的硬碟是看不到的，輸入df -h

example@a07ubuntu:~$ df -h

Filesystem                      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/a07ubuntu--vg-root   47G  905M   44G   2% /

none                            4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

udev                            987M  4.0K  987M   1% /dev

tmpfs                           200M  324K  200M   1% /run

none                            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock

none                            998M     0  998M   0% /run/shm

none                            100M     0  100M   0% /run/user

/dev/xvda1                      236M   39M  186M  18% /boot

example@a07ubuntu:~$

然後看一下/dev，輸入ls /dev/[sh]d*

ls /dev/[sh]d*

因為此處用的是XenServer環境，所以下的指令如下，可以看到多了xvdb (接下來皆以xvdb為範例)

example@a07ubuntu:~$ ls /dev/xvd*

/dev/xvda  /dev/xvda1  /dev/xvda2  /dev/xvda5  /dev/xvdb

再用fdisk確認沒有磁碟分割表的訊息，輸入sudo fdisk -l /dev/xvdb

example@a07ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/xvdb

[sudo] password for example:




Disk /dev/xvdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

直接新增分割磁區，輸入sudo fdisk /dev/xvdb
n : 新增partition
p : 選擇primary
1 : 選擇partition代號
First cylinder : 使用預設值，直接按Enter
Last cylinder : 使用預設值，直接按Enter
w : 儲存結果

example@a07ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/xvdb




Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.25.1).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.




Device does not contain a recognized partition table.

Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x40c61974.




Command (m for help): n

Partition type

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e   extended (container for logical partitions)

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): <<直接Enter>>

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): <<直接Enter>>




Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 20 GiB.




Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered.

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

用mkfs格式化硬碟，輸入sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdb

example@a07ubuntu:~$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdb

mke2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)

/dev/xvdb contains a ext4 file system

        created on Fri Dec 11 14:41:55 2015

Proceed anyway? (y,n) y

Creating filesystem with 5242880 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes

Filesystem UUID: d70e9575-adea-4d63-8031-1f4cae954b89

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

        4096000




Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

找新硬碟的UUID，輸入sudo blkid，新硬碟的UUID應該就是如紅色標示

example@a07ubuntu:~$ sudo blkid

/dev/xvda1: UUID="408015d8-1b6d-49e9-829c-72b4179c39bd" TYPE="ext2" PARTUUID="37d5d4c5-01"

/dev/xvda5: UUID="Zxb2DP-WOna-xsPH-zfDB-HbYK-KP3C-zc01d9" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="37d5d4c5-05"

/dev/mapper/a07ubuntu--vg-root: UUID="a338245f-8233-4ae9-bed3-0facf58861cf" TYPE="ext4"

/dev/mapper/a07ubuntu--vg-swap_1: UUID="2aa895ad-1200-42ee-bcbb-a2c8f36c250a" TYPE="swap"

把新硬碟寫到/etc/fstab，輸入sudo vi /etc/fstab，新增紅色那行，:wq儲存編輯

example@a07ubuntu:~$ sudo vi /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
/dev/mapper/a07ubuntu--vg-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/xvda1 during installation
UUID=408015d8-1b6d-49e9-829c-72b4179c39bd /boot           ext2    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/a07ubuntu--vg-swap_1 none            swap    sw              0       0
UUID=a338245f-8233-4ae9-bed3-0facf58861cf /data2 ext4 defaults 0 2

然後重開機就大功告成了!!

example@a07ubuntu:~$ sudo reboot

你可能會想看：
如何開啟Ubuntu的root帳號？
如何開啟Ubuntu的root ssh連線？


參考資料：
替 Linux 新增硬碟


如有侵權請來信告知，謝謝。